Previous studies have linked religiosity to a variety of positive outcomes for young people. However, further investigation into the underlying mechanisms that drive this connection is necessary to facilitate these positive outcomes. Some studies have suggested that afterlife reward and punishment beliefs play a role in this connection, as they…

High levels of Internet usage are prevalent among young people. Alongside this increased use, dangerous attitudes and practices among students have been observed. This study aimed to analyse the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) among high school students, their attitudes, and the relationship with gender. A sample of 869…

All musicians should be evaluated in a fair, accurate, and objective manner. It is imperative for solo evaluations to be objective since preconceived expectations about musicians and their performances, spurred by gender and behavioral stereotyping, may lead to biased evaluations. This study will investigate the possible gender and behavioral…

This study examined the role of children's trust beliefs and trustworthiness in the development of prosocial behavior using data from four waves of a longitudinal study in a large, ethnically-diverse sample of children in Switzerland (mean age = 8.11 years at Time 1, N = 1,028). Prosocial behavior directed towards peers was measured at all…

The purpose of this study was to examine kindergarten teachers' and children's perceptions of their relationships following a person-centred approach, and to describe patterns of relationships between them. 67 Kindergarten teachers and 403 children completed two measures designed to explore their perceptions of their relations. Four patterns of…

Research Findings: The transition to school is a major developmental milestone, and behavior tendencies already evident at the point of school entry can impact upon a child's subsequent social and academic adjustment. The current study aimed to investigate stability and change in the social behavior of girls and boys across the transition from day…

Although prejudice exists during childhood, it is unclear how attitudes toward peers of lower or higher academic ability and from one's own or a different racial group interact. This study qualifies previous research by showing that prejudice varies according to whether children are asked to evaluate peers based on academic ability, racial…

To develop a peer rating scale from which a behavioral complex corresponding to hyperkinetic impulse disorder could emerge, 27 seventh graders answered a yes/no 50-item questionnaire on child behavior for each of 23 classroom peers. The findings refute the view that hyperactivity is merely a pejorative term used by adults about child behavior.…

This chapter addresses the potential implications of mutual antipathies for children's experiences with the peer group as well as the behaviors and perceptions that may drive dyadic disdain. It raises four questions for consideration: (1) What are the demographics of dyadic disdain?; (2) How do enemy relationships relate to preadolescents' broader…

Costs and benefits that adolescents perceive for engaging or not engaging in potentially health-harming behaviors of alcohol use and nonmarital sexual intercourse were studied for over 2,400 seventh through twelfth graders. Perceptions of costs and benefits are related to gender, age, and the behaviors themselves. (SLD)

THIS INVESTIGATION, WHICH TOOK PLACE IN ENGLAND, COMPARES THE ATTITUDES TOWARD SCHOOL OF A RANDOM SAMPLING OF 6,100 5- TO 15-YEAR-OLD PUPILS WITH THEIR PERFORMANCE AND BEHAVIOR AT SCHOOL. PARENTS OF EACH PUPIL WERE SENT A QUESTIONNAIRE WHICH REQUIRED AN ASSESSMENT OF THEIR CHILD'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SCHOOL. IN ADDITION, INFORMATION WAS REQUESTED ON…

This study investigated the effects of three aspects of language testing (test task, familiarity with an interviewer, and test method) on both tester and tested. Data were drawn from several previous studies by the researcher. Concerning test task, data were analyzed for the type of topic students wanted most to talk about or preferred not to talk…

This report describes the effects of a 2-year affective-social education program offered by the elementary guidance services of the Stuttgart School District in Arkansas. Four groups of children (a total of 105 boys and 116 girls) were identified for this evaluation: Group I, involved in the program for two full years; Group II, participating one…