Background: Computational thinking (CT) is crucial to fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Many elementary schools have been cultivating students' CT through block-based programming languages such as Scratch using traditional teacher-centered teaching methods. However, the approach excessively relies on teacher lectures, so the…

The present study aimed to determine the effect of Scratch-assisted expressions and applications on the Computational Thinking skills of pre-service teachers. For this purpose, the research was designed with an exploratory sequential design, a mixed research method. Thirty-three pre-service teachers participated in the study. Data were collected…

The intent of this project was to improve test and programming scores of 9th through 12th grade students enrolled in the Practical Computer Skills: Logo course in a north central Florida high school. An implementation program that demonstrated teacher-designed graphical computer language Logo programs, utilized multimedia techniques, and used…