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Fukuyama, Mary A.; Greenfield, Tom K. – Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1983
Analyzed components of assertiveness, assessed by the College Self-Expression Scale, for Asian-American (N=105) and Caucasian (N=135) students. Results showed a significant difference in full-scale assertion scores indicating lower levels of overall assertion in Asian Americans, interpreted as consistent with value differences between…
Descriptors: Asian Americans, Assertiveness, College Students, Cultural Differences

Bender, David S. – 1979
A 120-item questionnaire was administered to 750 Irish adolescents, aged 12-17. It measured sex differences in the following variables: academic achievement; educational and occupational aspiration; self-assessment of achievement; assertiveness; and stereotypes toward adult roles and three achievement-related traits (striving, competence, and…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Academic Aspiration, Adolescent Development, Age Differences