Reading motivation is multidimensional and a critical contributor to students' reading comprehension skill. Its multidimensionality is problematic, as there is currently no consensus on the dimensions underlying reading motivation, which are being tested through a variety of instruments that lack statistical validation. Our goal was to discuss the…

This study tested the factor structure of the explanatory style for failure (ESF) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), tested measurement invariant across direct entry and transfer students, tested latent mean differences between these groups on the ESF factors, and tested a theoretical path model, whereby ESF explains variance in grades…

e-Textbooks and e-learning technologies have become ubiquitous in college and university courses as faculty seek out ways to provide more engaging, flexible and customizable learning opportunities for students. However, the same technologies that support learning can serve as a source of frustration. Research on frustration with technology is…

The purpose of the present small-scale study was to investigate the factor structure of an adapted, 13-item subjective English cognitive load scale in a fully online learning context. To serve this purpose, adult online learners enrolled in a fully online graduate program completed the adapted English cognitive load scale at the end of an…

The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable instrument to assess why physics courses are perceived as one of the most difficult courses among high school students and to investigate the reasons why students have difficulty in learning physics through this scale. This study includes the development and validation studies of the…

Confirmatory factor analysis of responses from 991 undergraduates showed that a four-factor structure (Affect, Cognitive Competence, Value, and Difficulty) provided the best fit for males and females as the factor structure of the Survey of Attitudes toward Statistics, developed for this study to measure students' attitudes about statistics. (SLD)

To explore the potential relationships among general attitude toward school, evaluative ratings of courses and instructors, and selected respondent characteristics, an attitude inventory, and, for each class, a course and instructor rating scale, with items which emphasized the nature of student-teacher interaction and level of course difficulty,…