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Kelley P. Spahr – ProQuest LLC, 2023
Mathematics is an important component of our everyday lives. It involves necessary skills, such as computation, problem solving, and critical thinking. In spite of this, a significant portion of our students are unable to demonstrate proficiency. These students are typically the underserved, marginalized students who are over represented in…
Descriptors: Grade 3, Elementary School Students, African American Students, Mathematics Education

Cobb, Paul; And Others – Educational Studies in Mathematics, 1992
Compared project (n=79) and nonproject (n=111) third-grade students on their conceptual development in arithmetic, their personal goals in mathematics, and their beliefs about reasons for success in mathematics. Project students attained more advanced levels of conceptual understanding and held stronger beliefs about the importance of working…
Descriptors: Arithmetic, Attribution Theory, Beliefs, Cognitive Measurement