Agency, or the capacity to take intentional actions, is considered one of the primary affordances of virtual reality (VR) for learning. VR is expected to increase learners' agency because it allows for full-body interactivity from a first-person perspective, giving them novel ways of interacting with the digital environment. Yet, agency in…

Students are unable to view each other's VR content created with 360-degree video technology using head-mounted displays and discuss it in real-time. This limitation may confine the application of 360degree video technology in the field of intercultural learning to merely passive observation of cultural content on individual devices, thereby…

Digital teachers represent an innovative fusion of media and artificial intelligence (AI) within online educational environments. However, the specific ways in which the appearance anthropomorphism of digital teachers influences the delivery of different knowledge types remain insufficiently understood. Drawing on Embodied Learning Theory and…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping university education by offering personalized teaching assistance tailored to each student's cognitive needs. Despite its global rise, AI's adoption in higher education in developing nations like Bangladesh is sparse. This study, gathering 363 responses from Bangladeshi universities, employed PLS-SEM, ANN,…

This work sets out the results of a teaching innovation project applying the flipped classroom model in the Knowledge of Mathematics module on a bachelor's degree in primary education over two consecutive years at a university that exclusively uses online teaching. This model is used with the aim of stimulating the students' working methods and…

When accessing the internet, smartphones allow users to access social media, search for information, and communicate with others while on the go. Smartphones no longer only provide a way to connect; this technology also allows people relate to others and maintain their relationships. This study explores (a) student smartphone use behaviors, (b)…

Collaborative learning environments that support students' problem solving have been shown to promote better decision-making, greater academic achievement, and more reasonable argumentation about controversial issues. In this research, we developed a technology-based critical discussion platform to support middle school students' argumentation,…

The use of Virtual Reality (VR) as an educational tool is gaining attention due to its potential to provide immersive and authentic learning experiences. However, most schools cannot afford to provide individual access to VR, making VR-mediated group learning a promising solution for those with limited access to educational resources. Despite its…

Mobile technology has changed the landscape of post-secondary education. This descriptive study examined student and instructor perceptions of student learning and engagement while using mobile technology. Overall, student perceptions of learning and engagement were neutral; however, instructors reported higher positive perceptions on both…

In many fields, AI chatbots continue to be popular with new tools and attract the attention of universities, K12 schools, educational organizations, and researchers. The aim of this research is to review the research on AI chatbots by restricting it to the category of education and to examine this research from a methodological point of view.…

Some components of the knowledge and skills required for teaching using 21st century technology can be assessed with reasonable confidence. The researcher conducted a study intended to determine the factors that affect teacher self-efficacy--that is, their evaluation of their own competence using the interactive educational website Wikispaces…

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to implement and evaluate the impact of a virtual reality book club on the social presence of students. This research examined participants using virtual reality headsets to study the works of William Shakespeare. This study examined two research questions: (1) How does the implementation of a virtual…

Asynchronous online courses have become increasingly prevalent in higher education, offering numerous benefits, including flexibility and accessibility. However, these courses often face challenges related to the lack of direct interaction among students. This study is grounded in a "Modified Theory of Interactions" that seeks to…

Virtual reality is a rapidly developing technology and its applications are being explored in a variety of educational fields. While an increasing amount of attention is being paid to VR as a language learning tool, there remains less research on using VR with languages other than English. Adapting the Technology Acceptance Model, this study…

This study aims: (1) to investigate the different motivations and perspectives for Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) that targeted attitudinal learning outcomes; and (2) to categorise learner profiles in regards to their perceived attitudinal learning gains. Seven hundred and ninety-six learners from three MOOCs participated in an…