This paper reports an experimental study on Form Four (16 year olds) students' conceptions about two acid-base models (Arrhenius & Brønsted-Lowry). An intact class was divided into two groups that were taught different acid-base models. One teacher taught one of the groups the Brønsted-Lowry model while another teacher taught the Arrhenius…

Background: Many researchers agree that students, especially primary students, have learning difficulties on the "Particulate Nature of Matter" unit. One reason for this difficulty is not considering individual differences for teaching science. In 4MAT model learning, environment is arranged according to individual differences. Purpose:…

International researchers put to evidence a worrying decrease in science disciplines' role in many countries, especially in the European Community and a poor quality in scientific competences, as issues of TIMMS (trends in international mathematics and science study) and PISA (programme for international student assessment) have proved, together…

This article presents an axiomatic expression of science education: [SCIENCE EDUCATION] is a system of teaching [SCIENCE]. The axiom includes two indefinable terms, [SCIENCE EDUCATION] and [SCIENCE]. In the same way that axiomatics of geometry distinguishes among axioms, postulates and theorems, the axiom presupposes a distinction among the three…

The purpose of this paper was to investigate students' views on models and modelling in science as well as the role that models play in learning, using a theoretical framework of models in learning. Students' views on models in science were investigated using a pencil-and-paper questionnaire given to 275 students from Grade 8 (13 years old) to…