The use of the Estes Reading Attitude Scale as a measure of academic attitude of fourth-, fifth-, and sixth- grade Mexican-American and Anglo student groups did not lead to substantial bias in test score interpretation. These results indicate that responses on the test as a whole can be judged as valid. (Author/PN)

This paper conceptually explains higher-order factor analysis and methods for interpretation. A review of first-order factor analysis is presented that provides the foundation for the summary of second-order factor analysis. Higher order factors are derived from the correlations between the lower-level factors. An example study is provided to make…

This is a progress report on research conducted (1) to consider the methodological issues of response set and multidimensionality, which might lead to a refinement of the Test Anxiety Scale for Children (TASC) and the Defensiveness Scale for Children and (2) to investigate social background and school achievement correlates of test anxiety and…