Bullying a detrimental behavior associated with costs to individuals, schools, and communities. Essential to our efforts to reduce bullying is understanding why bullying occurs, particularly from the perspective of preservice teachers who will one day engage in antibullying intervention and prevention efforts. However, no such measure capturing…

Collaborative learning (CL) is widely used in higher education around the world because it is associated with increases in students' knowledge and social skills. Low student engagement in CL activities has been identified as a common issue, while there is no CL-specific engagement scale to measure and understand engagement in such settings.…

Evolution is a key feature of undergraduate biology education: the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) has identified evolution as one of the five core concepts of biology, and it is relevant to a wide array of biology-related careers. If biology instructors want students to use evolution to address scientific challenges…

Schools carry the important task of fostering democratic values like equality and tolerance among students. This study examined to what extent a valid and reliable measurement instrument can be developed to gain insight into students' attitudes towards democratic values and what can be concluded based on this measurement. We constructed the…

Research has shown that the triarchic model of grit scale (TMGS)--a measure that assesses tendency to show perseverance, passion, and adaptability for long-term goals--has been valid in different contexts such as the Philippines, Japan, Poland, mainland China, and the United States. However, there is limited research on the validity of this scale…

The study seeks to conceptualise foreign language learning burnout and provide its corresponding measurement. The 15-item "Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey" (MBI-SS) was rephrased to fit an English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) learning context. The modified MBI-SS was then assessed among 1718 Chinese secondary EFL students. A…

This article reports on the development and initial validation of the Intention to Use Technology-enabled Learning (I-TEL) Scale. Data from 313 preservice teachers were used to examine the instrument's psychometric properties. Principal axis factoring (PAF) indicated a five-factor structure consisting of 22 items. The scale, as well as the…

Academic stress has attracted research interest in recent decades due to the similarity found between the occurrence of stress in students and that experienced by workers in organisations. However, tools to assess academic stress are either scarce, general or evaluate the consequences of academic stress. This study aims to validate the…

Entrepreneurship education had an important contribution in developing the number of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship education could be specified into two constructs, namely curriculum attendance and extracurricular activity. The purpose of the study was to measure and assess entrepreneurship education for students. This study examines a new…

This study is a conceptual replication of Teimouri et al.'s (2022) investigation into the validity of the second language (L2) grit scale (the L2-Grit scale). There are several concerns about the generalizability of the findings of Teimouri et al. (2022), especially regarding the discriminant validity of the scale and the relation of L2 grit with…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity evidence for the use of the 19-item and 20-item short forms of the MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation Inventory (College Student version) with undergraduate students. These shorter forms of the MUSIC Inventory could be beneficial to teachers and researchers. Our analysis included inventory…

This study focuses on creating a reliable and valid instrument to measure high school students' perceptions of academic challenge. The research is divided into four phases: qualitative analysis, item development, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and validation. Initial data from college students' retrospective views and high school students'…

Civic-mindedness is a central aim of higher education, but strategies for assessing civic-mindedness in engineering education are limited. Thus, engineering educators must build on strategies employed across higher education while ensuring these strategies are transferable to the engineering context. This study furthers efforts to validate the…

Upon the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, hundreds of higher education institutions in the United States temporarily or permanently adopted test- optional admissions policies. Growth in the number of test- optional institutions and the longstanding criticism of standardized admissions tests as limited and unreliable predictors of college success…

Research is a concrete action in academia which has uplifted societies' prosperity. Although researchers have given particular attention to student perceptions about what research is in a higher education context, little attention has been given to secondary school students' perceptions about this issue. To fill this gap, Yeoman et al. (2016)…