School climate is an integral consideration for school leaders in developing a safe, supportive learning environment for students. It becomes even more important in a disciplinary alternative setting where students are often disconnected from school and engaging in risky behaviors. In order to adequately assist students and families in addressing…

Trauma, including abandonment, neglect, poverty, or abuse, affects students. Because of this, a classroom community is vulnerable to the sheer unpredictability of behaviors. Students who have experienced trauma need support in order to create a classroom community where they can thrive and learn. This study examines a Whole-Child Approach…

The effects of childhood trauma are evident in urban classrooms today and adversely affect student achievement. The evidence of exposure to trauma is disruptive behavior, often resulting in a suspension from school. The school social worker or counselor is often viewed as the person responsible for implementing strategies that change student…