Any punishment in which the student is a passive recipient leaves all the responsibility in the hands of the teacher. The techniques of having students name behavior, choose alternative solutions, and plan and take relevant consequences actively involve them in their own disciplining and encourage self-discipline. (MT)

By teaching students self-control, teachers can powerfully affect student behavior. This involves explaining to students what negative signals are and what choices they have. By creating a classroom where students can meet their basic needs of fun, freedom, belonging, and power, teachers allow students to control their own behavior. (SM)

Most criticisms of American schools are too broad and are off-base. The first criterion in evaluating education should be its contribution to character formation. Students cannot cope with authority figures, rules, and routines; a school structure that teaches them to regulate themselves is needed. (PP)