Background: Behavioral support may be effective in increasing physical activity (PA) in school settings. However, there are no data collection systems to concurrently record PA and behavioral support. This paper describes the development and validation of the System for Observing Behavioral Ecology for Youth in Schools (SOBEYS)--an instrument used…

The authors examined the effects of randomized and delayed credit on the percentage of college students participating at four pre-defined levels on each class discussion day: non-participation, credit-level participation, frequent participation, and dominant participation. Although the same amount of participation credit was available to students…

The successful acquisition of survey behavior by students diagnosed as void of survey behavior through stimulus control and reinforcement is described. (Author)

Teachers at two elementary schools conducted behavior modification projects in their classrooms to verify the existence of reciprocity between the amount of reinforcement given and the amount received. Their findings, following approximately four weeks, suggest that such a relationship exists. (Author)

The effects of contingent reinforcement under conditions of self-determined and externally determined standards were studied in two fifth-grade language art classes (N=64 students). Contingent reinforcement with externally determined standards produced an increase over reinforcement with self-determined standards. Experience with external…

This report reviews some of the most relevant findings from the extensive research which has been done on behavior modification. It summarizes the more important, practical, concrete, and classroom-tested procedures which research shows to be effective im improving students' academic and social behaviors. The first section of the report begins by…

Discusses the interaction, beyond the normal instructional scope, of elementary school students and their teachers with the emphasis on sex role behavior, reward seeking, and the differences in learning problems of boys and girls. (RK)

College students, 48 males and 48 females, were interviewed about attempts to self-control overeating, smoking, studying, or dating. Results indicated successful self-controllers used more techniques for longer periods of time, use of self-reinforcement procedures was an important discriminant of successful self-management, and methods varied…

The emphasis of this research report was on modification of classroom behavior. After a brief introduction, the two main learning theories of Gestalt-field psychology and stimulus-response association were investigated. The importance of the individual in modifying his own behavior was stressed in Gestalt-field psychology. The importance of…

Extensive research has been conducted examining the effects of teacher expectations on student performance, revealing reasonably consistent patterns of differential behavior by teachers toward high and low expectation students. Few theories which integrate isolated research findings into a causal sequence have emerged, however. One such model…

It is argued that the sexes get different feedback from the culture, and from teachers in particular. The hypothesis is explored that teachers are less responsive to and interested in girls than boys, and that the feminine strategy of withdrawal and avoidance of assertiveness develops in response to these teacher behaviors. Subjects were eight…

This study evaluated the use of three systematic reinforcement techniques and measures (a carrel, teacher attention, and a contingency contract) to increase the on-task and task completion behaviors of a first-grade child. The carrel and teacher attention increased on-task behavior (from a mean of 27.6 percent to 45.0 percent) but did not affect…

The primary aim of this book is to bring to the grade school teacher a survey of the most recent techniques and ideas of behavior modification which are applicable to good classroom management. All of the approaches and techniques presented could be of interest to teachers working at all grade levels. Since research has shown that the systematic…

The purpose of the study was to test the discriminative cue hypothesis by attempting to train pupils to increase effort following a high expectancy condition and to reduce effort following a low expectancy condition. Fourth grade high-IQ low achievers were used as subjects in the study, because the authors felt that while they would learn fast,…

Patterns of teacher and student verbal behavior within a framework of reinforcement theory were analyzed through the use of a modified form of the Observation Schedule and Record 4V (OScAR). The study examined the extent to which the rewarding teacher's classroom discourse served as a model for the verbal style of a student among his peers. Data…