Teacher self-efficacy (TSE) changes according to context. Limited research has been conducted to understand how TSE can vary in relation to student characteristics or the student-teacher relationship (STR) in preschool. The aims of the current study were to 1) examine student-specific TSE variability among monolingual English-speaking and…

The past decade has witnessed a surge of research interest in diverse emotions that foreign/second language (L2) learners experience. However, research on L2 boredom is just starting. The current study focuses on foreign language learning boredom (FLLB) and foreign language enjoyment (FLE), and examines how they are associated with a wide range of…

Many special education teachers (SETs) report feeling unprepared to meet the language and literacy needs of emergent multilingual learners (EMLs). As such, it is important to consider the role of teacher educators, whose knowledge is related to their teacher candidates' knowledge. Therefore, we have conducted a survey study investigating SET…

Over the past decade, the focus of investigation in individual differences (IDs) research has shifted from the utilization of large-scale questionnaire surveys toward the adoption of methodological diversity and development of new approaches to second-language (L2) communication (Dörnyei and Ryan [2015]. "The Psychology of the Language…

This study explored the relationships between English as a medium of instruction (EMI) effectiveness factors and students' EMI course satisfaction. In addition, responding to the call for adaptive EMI, it also examined how students and teachers' background characteristics could shape such relationships. Using the convenience sampling method, 821…

Ongoing debate exists concerning pedagogical strategies including song to improve vocabulary learning in second or foreign language learners. A search of primary empirical studies published from 1990 to 2020 produced 27 articles with 28 studies and 1864 total participants. Effect sizes were analysed for the influence of English instructional…

The growing number of multilingual classrooms led by monolingual teachers necessitates the use of research-informed strategies and methods. Translanguaging, the practice of encouraging students to use their full repertoire of languages to collaborate and respond, is gaining momentum in Emergent Multilingual pedagogy. The following dimensions of…

This study explored teachers' perceptions of synchronous online peer interaction (SOPI) among young learners (YLs), aged 7 to 15. Thirty-eight teachers of diverse L1 backgrounds and teaching experience completed a survey and attended an in-depth interview that explored multiple aspects of SOPI (e.g. benefits, issues, frequency of use, strategies…

While in recent years, the introduction of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) courses has been increasing in Taiwanese and Vietnamese universities, use of EMI courses is still in an early phase, and their effectiveness remains under-explored in both territories. This study aims to develop an EMI effectiveness scale and apply…

Using a randomized controlled trial, we examined the impact of a teacher professional learning (PL) program on English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers' use of evidence-based instructional strategies for multilingual learners, collaboration with classroom teachers, and incorporation of Latino multilingual learners' cultural wealth into their…

The purpose of the present study is to conduct a qualitative content analysis to explore factors affecting EFL learning in Iran. To achieve this aim, the researcher carried out face-to-face unstructured interviews with 10 EFL teachers and 12 university students. The researcher used MAX QDA 10 (Qualitative Data Analysis) software to analyze the…

International schools exist in almost every country of the world, and international school educators come from a variety of countries, often teaching students from cultural and linguistic backgrounds different from their own. This article reports on a study that examined English-speaking educator beliefs about their Arabic-speaking students in a…

The objectives of this research were 1) to study the relationship between student factors, English language instructor factors, and environment factors with students' achievement in English language learning and 2) to develop equations to forecast factors affecting students' achievement in English language learning. The population used in this…

As emotions research in the field of second language acquisition continues to evolve, it is equally important to explore the impact of social--emotional variables that are specifically relevant to heritage language (HL) contexts. Anchoring on foundations in critical heritage language education (HLE), this study examines the discomforts of the HL…

This article reports an empirical study on embedding digital literacies in the language teacher education curriculum with pre-service and in-service teachers enrolled in a graduate-level language teaching method course. Two different types of technology-mediated collaborative tasks were implemented, one being collaborative reading for writing…