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Hasbrouck, Jan; Tindal, Gerald – Behavioral Research and Teaching, 2017
This paper describes the origins of the widely used curriculum-based measure of oral reading fluency (ORF) and how the creation and use of ORF norms has evolved over time. Norms for ORF can be used to help educators make decisions about which students might need intervention in reading and to help monitor students' progress once instruction has…
Descriptors: Oral Reading, Reading Fluency, Curriculum Based Assessment, Emergent Literacy
Anderson, Daniel; Tindal, Gerald; Alonzo, Julie – Behavioral Research and Teaching, 2009
We developed alternate forms of a math test for use in both screening students at risk of failure and monitoring their progress over time. In this technical report, we present results of the screener, used in the fall of 2009. The 48-item test was aligned to the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) Curriculum Focal Point Standards…
Descriptors: Test Reliability, Mathematics Tests, At Risk Students, Screening Tests