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McCauley, Rebecca J.; Swisher, Linda – Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1984
The paper discusses concepts fundamental to proper use of norm-referenced tests, considers common errors in the use, and suggests alternatives to norm-referenced testing for certain assessment purposes. A hypothetical client is used to illustrate errors including the use of age-equivalent scores as the sole summary of test results. (Author/CL)
Descriptors: Disabilities, Elementary Secondary Education, Norm Referenced Tests, Student Evaluation

Nuyen, N. A. – Studies in Educational Evaluation, 1986
This paper looks at some of the problems arising from the procedures used by the Queensland, Australia, Board of Secondary School Studies to compile percentile scores known as Tertiary Entrance Scores. Although efforts to equate across schools and across subjects are being challenged, at present there is no alternative. (LMO)
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Foreign Countries, Norm Referenced Tests, Scaling
Maeroff, Gene I. – Phi Delta Kappan, 1991
For all its attractiveness, alternative assessment is fraught with complications and difficulties, as Rhode Island's experience shows. Although alternative assessment can be systematic, there are no ways to rate large numbers of performance-based tasks, portfolios, interviews, exhibits, or essays. Some standardization is necessary, and assessment…
Descriptors: Alternative Assessment, Elementary Secondary Education, Evaluation Methods, Norm Referenced Tests
Eccarius, Malinda – 1997
This digest discusses the assessment of children who are deaf or hard of hearing. Topics addressed include: (1) the purpose of an assessment of children who are deaf or hard of hearing; (2) problems associated with assessment, including the diagnostician's lack of experience with the deaf population, communication problems, tests that are normed…
Descriptors: Clinical Diagnosis, Deafness, Elementary Secondary Education, Evaluation Problems

Ascher, Carol – PTA Today, 1991
Much work is needed in the area of testing and assessment of limited-English-proficient students. The article discusses characteristics of bilingualism, code switching and other bilingual language patterns, the five types of tests currently used with limited-English-proficient students, and the new curriculum-based achievement tests which are more…
Descriptors: Bilingual Students, Bilingualism, Culture Fair Tests, Elementary Secondary Education
Elliott, Judy; Thurlow, Martha – School Administrator, 1999
Out-of-level testing in state and district assessments is becoming more popular under the reauthorized Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. This practice (and use of different norm-referenced tests) confounds interdistrict comparisons and contributes to inequitable assessment practices. Proper scaling can remedy this situation. (MLH)
Descriptors: Accountability, Comparative Education, Disabilities, Elementary Secondary Education
Stiles, Richard; And Others – 1975
The purpose of this study was to explore the usefulness of the Rasch test analysis model for providing consistent scale statistics between content-referenced and norm-referenced tests across school districts. A number of content-referenced tests were created to assess student performance relative to basic skills goals identified in reading and…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Arithmetic, Comparative Analysis, Educational Objectives

Miller, LaMar P.; And Others – ERS Spectrum, 1992
Testing policies and practices should be restructured to help people develop their talents and to help learning institutions become more accountable and just. Based on a qualitative survey of testing researchers and practitioners, this article discusses current trends and promising innovations, including performance assessment, holistic scoring…
Descriptors: Educational Policy, Elementary Secondary Education, Holistic Approach, Norm Referenced Tests
Bowman, Robert W., Jr.; Frary, Robert B. – 1983
College teachers often use norm-referenced classroom tests which are too easy for distinguishing adequately among levels of student achievement, yet they are reluctant to adopt more difficult tests. We explored the basis for current practices concerning test difficulty through informal interviews and questionnaires completed by faculty members and…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Difficulty Level, Higher Education, Measurement Techniques
Noggle, Nelson L. – 1991
At the present time the American educational system seems caught in a squeeze play between the historical need for tests that are simple to administer and understand versus the current demand for tests that are respected as thorough measures of the kind of learning needed in a competitive and changing world. Many of the misuses of test data arise…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Educational Assessment, Educational Change, Elementary Secondary Education
Samuels, S. Jay; Edwall, Glenace E. – 1975
The accountability movement in American education has received great clamors of attention in the past few years. This movement, in turn, suggests the need for particular data to inform responsible decision-making; the need for assessment instruments which can address the question of what is learned; and the need for strengthening the existing…
Descriptors: Accountability, Achievement Tests, Criterion Referenced Tests, Decision Making
Stevenson, Zollie, Jr. – 1985
This paper (1) identifies strategies for assessing student instructional needs so that educational prescriptions can be developed to promote learning; and (2) relates the identification of student needs to the development of learning prescriptions. The population discussed includes high school and college students who because of social, economic,…
Descriptors: Basic Skills, Criterion Referenced Tests, Diagnostic Teaching, Diagnostic Tests
Morrison, Max E. – 1975
Specifying the purpose and uses to be made of a test prior to administration is of paramount importance when one considers the time administrators and teachers spend on selecting, developing, administering and scoring tests and the amount of student time required to complete the tests. Determination of how test results will be used should be made…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Diagnostic Tests, Elementary Secondary Education, Feedback
Lowenthal, Barbara – Academic Therapy, 1988
Maintaining the precision necessary for administering norm referenced tests can be a problem for the special education teacher who is trained to assist the student. Criterion-referenced tests, observations, and interviews are presented as effective alternative assessment techniques. (JDD)
Descriptors: Alternative Assessment, Criterion Referenced Tests, Disabilities, Educational Diagnosis
Korcheck, Stephanie A. – 1988
The statewide student assessment programs of the 15 member states of the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) in the 1987-88 school year are described. Individual summaries of the testing programs provide information on the types of tests used in the SREB states--Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi,…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Tests, Criterion Referenced Tests, Elementary School Teachers
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