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Direct linkBoyoung Kim; Gyuyoung Ha – Educational Psychology, 2024
This study investigated the protective and risk factors of smartphone addiction at the individual and group levels using multi-level modelling, with a particular focus on extracurricular activities and academic helplessness. Data from the Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) were used in the analyses. These data included 2,590…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Middle School Students, Handheld Devices, Addictive Behavior
