Luhmann's theory allows for a reflection on teaching as interaction system. According to Luhmann, the interaction system of teaching accomplishes the function of the education system, i.e. transforming psychic systems in persons. The education system fixes the social structures of teaching, i.e. conveyance and evaluation of knowledge. However, the…

Teacher expectancy (TE) refers to the inferences that teachers make about academic achievement, and future career choice of their students, it is a teacher level variable, and it mediates the teacher-student interaction. I hypothesize that the TE impacts the distribution of learning opportunities in 8th grade mathematics classes. So, I investigate…

This study focuses on an intervention programme designed to foster collectivity in classroom dialogue during sixth-grade language arts lessons, incorporating a coaching-based approach grounded in real classroom experiences. Specifically, we examine how this programme affected the beliefs and practices of a sceptical teacher in relation to…

Whole-class mathematical discussion in a problem-solving activity is recognized as a powerful pedagogical activity but also a challenge for teachers who must consider several difficulties that learners might face, particularly in terms of an overload of Working Memory and Executive Functions. This study investigates how the use of a digital…

The paper provides analysis of findings from research on "pupil voice" collected from 88 Iranian pupils within five primary classrooms. No previous research has been carried out in Iran on "pupil voice" emphasising children's right to a say about different matters in their school lives. Two methods of data collection were…

Science teaching and learning are discursive practices, yet analysis of these practices has frequently been grounded in theorizations that place language at the forefront of interaction and meaning-making. Such language-centric analytic approaches risk overlooking key embodied, enacted aspects of students' engagement in science practices. This…

Using positioning theory as a framework, this study examined two adult learners' participatory opportunities in small group interactions when they were learning English as a second language in an American university. The study finds that control over access to participatory opportunities mainly lies in how learners manage to position themselves…

The integration of socioscientific issues (SSI) in science education calls for emphasizing dialogic classroom practices that include students' views together with multiple sources of knowledge and diverse perspectives on the issues. Such classroom practices aim to empower students to participate in decision-making on SSI. This can be accomplished…

Utilizing Conversation Analysis, this study examined classroom interactions to identify strategies secondary school teachers used to elicit EFL learners' talk in four micro-pedagogical contexts. How strategies were used, and the challenges teachers faced were also explored. Four Thai teachers of English participated in the study, and approximately…

To disrupt patterns of marginalization that play out through interactions in math classrooms, teachers need to identify and address inequities in student participation, both in terms of participation outcomes and processes. In this study, I take an expansive view of participation and examine how the "quiet" participation of one 9th grade…

Classroom discussion is an essential pedagogy for teachers across grade levels and age groups. But what is a discussion, exactly? Are teachers really using discussion when they say they are? Recent research has examined this question and the results are unsettling. Martin Nystrand et al's (2001) massive study of classroom discourse (hereafter…

The present study investigates the features of teacher-children interaction during whole-class activities within an early childhood community, in which children's active participation is supported. The theoretical basis of the study is shaped by sociocultural approaches, which consider learning as a process of social co-construction of meanings,…

This study aims to discover to what extent native ESL teachers utilize wait-time in their classes and to what extent wait-time gives way to more student contribution. Wait-time is considered as a part of classroom interactional competence, and relevant utilization of it may improve learning in the classroom. Accordingly, six classroom hours of…

Student participation in online discussion forums is associated with positive outcomes for student achievement and satisfaction, but research findings on the impact of class size and instructors' participation on student participation have been mixed. The present study analyzed the frequency of instructor and student posts in asynchronous…

Although most people acknowledge the importance of interactions in class, it is commonly seen some students still rarely actively participate in face-to-face interactions, especially those from a Confucian cultural background. Previous research focused on many factors to understand this phenomenon, yet social anxiousness has not been given enough…