This study analyzed the effect of a learning philosophy assignment on students' intellectual development and mastery of first-year biology and second-year biochemistry course content. We used pre- and post-surveys to assess students' cognitive complexity, and compared students' midterm and final exam marks to assess mastery of course content. The…

Democracy is a most accepted form of government system and has a great importance for citizens by allowing them equal and active participation in common life. As its development and characteristics are important for all citizens of a country, each democratic country puts much emphasis on democracy education in its educational curricula. In recent…

This study is part of an ongoing design research to scaffold preservice teachers' higher-order reasoning while solving technology integration problems. Informed by previous iterations, we designed and examined progressively increasing scaffolds that integrated multiple scaffolding functions to facilitate three technology-based lesson design…