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Download full textMartens, R. L.; And Others – 1994
The use of embedded support devices (ESDs) has been studied in previous research that has unfortunately demanded introspection and reflection on one's own cognitive functioning. In contrast, eye movement registration measures the attentional focus of students on specific text parts regardless of whether or not the student is conscious of this…
Descriptors: Attention, College Students, Distance Education, Eye Fixations
Valcke, M. M. A.; Martens, R. L. – 1992
An attempt is made to elaborate a theoretical base about the functions and effects of embedded support devices (ESDs), considering the extent to which students actually use ESDs. ESDs are a set of activating, structuring, and motivating extras in study materials that are designed to support the individual study process. The report describes the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Psychology, College Students, Distance Education, Educational Environment
Martens, R. L.; And Others – 1993
The relationship between embedded support devices (ESDs) and study results was examined to determine whether ESDs have a positive effect on study outcome. Two versions of a learning unit of a governmental law course at the Open University of the Netherlands were constructed. One represented the original text and the other was about 40% shorter as…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, College Students, Distance Education, Foreign Countries
