Learners' monitoring judgments during reading are based on a variety of cues, and the roles of task features in promoting and constraining judgment accuracy are beginning to be understood. This work examined task and item characteristics influencing adults' monitoring of performance during reading and study tasks. In Study 1a, adults (N = 242)…

Students' learning activities frequently compete with their leisure options, leading to regret after decisions to study. Using a sample of 233 German and 194 Australian undergraduate students, the authors explored possible determinants of the personality construct regret. They investigated whether the level to which students rely on intuition in…

Investigates the comparative effects of written as opposed to verbally stated instructions and specification of contingencies, with the written contract containing the typically used written agreement. These procedures were applied to self-managed, naturalistic behaviors, and compared to self-monitoring alone. Study-question answering and amount…

Purpose of the study is to explore to what extend standard achievement tests introduce bias in the assessment of schools due to differences in their curricula. (Author)

Studied the encoding benefits of graphic-organizer and outline note-taking using spaced study and review. Results with 117 undergraduates show no effect on the factual test for either study notes or amount of information, but on the application test, graphic organizers were better than outlines and partial notes were better than complete notes.…

Determined the separate and combined effects of knowledge maps or texts and teaching props (overview maps or outlines) on the learning of two different sets of material in the context of cooperative teaching. Results from 102 undergraduates show that the effects of format of study materials or communication props depend on the prior knowledge of…

Proposed a successive integration of problem-solving elements into example study until learners solved problems on their own and tested the effectiveness of this "fading" method against a traditional method of using example-problem pairs. Results with 20 ninth graders in Germany, 54 U.S. college students, and 45 U.S. college students…

Performances of 75 college students, matched for total study time, who wrote 1, 2, or no summaries while studying a text for recall were compared. Results support the hypothesis that less frequent summarizing (only 1) produces better performance. The effect can be obtained for recognition as well as recall. (SLD)