Years and Centuries are the measurement units used to quantify a longer time duration, while subtraction is the operation required to determine the duration based on two given time points. However, subtraction of time is a difficult skill to be mastered by many elementary students. To identify the root cause of the student's failure in performing…

Malaysia has undergone several changes in its education policy from KBSR to KSSR over the decades and the changes in school textbooks follow suit. The current KSSR Math textbooks used were developed in 2014/15 and millions of Ringgits has been spent by the government to provide quality education for all. However, the findings from International…

Within the broad area of whole number operations, understanding and solving word problems continues to be an important area of inquiry. In the present study we draw on the framework of representational fluency to examine conceptual and procedural understandings that are exhibited by a group of Malaysian seven-year-olds as they attempted to solve…

This research investigated students' sources and causes of errors and misconception in solving routine problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of integers. This qualitative study involved observation of eight Year 7 classes and interviews with the respective classroom teachers. Sixteen Year 7 students who exhibit…

This paper reports on a study to examine mental computation strategies used by Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3 students to solve addition and subtraction problems. The participants in this study were twenty five 7 to 9 year-old students identified as excellent, good and satisfactory in their mathematics performance from a school in Penang, Malaysia.…

This paper discusses the types of word problems represented in Malaysia's primary one, primary two and primary three mathematics texts based on Van De Walle's model (1998) in the operations of addition and subtraction. A test was constructed to measure students' success based on this model. The data from this study indicates that the Malaysian…