Decades after the Brown v. Board of Education ruling banned mandatory race-based separation of students to different schools, school segregation, and inequality in the United States are rapidly increasing. In this research synthesis, I propose a model for explaining how segregation and inequality are formed in urban and suburban school systems and…

Principals have become one of the most significant factors that affect student achievement, next to classroom teachers, and the overall success of the school. Principals of Title I schools have the added challenge of serving children from low-income families. Research was conducted to determine the impact that the leadership style of the Title I…

This study examined the demographic shifts in a medium-sized school district in West Michigan and the responses developed as a result of these changes during the last two decades. Findings indicated that the district's school demographics changed from being European American to minority dominant. As a result of these changes in student population…

Education, a fundamental privilege in America, has been deemed the great equalizer that should afford each individual access and opportunity (Hale, 2004). However, research has proven that for many students of color, the American dream is simply a nightmare. Many minority students have lagged behind academically, failing to graduate and failing to…

State and local educators encountered both opportunities and obstacles in their first year of implementing the School Improvement Grants (SIGs) funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). In 2009, the ARRA, better known as the economic stimulus package, provided $3 billion for SIGs to help reform persistently low-achieving…

This study examined superintendents' or designees' perceptions in light of NCLB (2002) and to understand parental involvement through the lens of Epstein's Framework of Parent Involvement (1992, 1995, 2002). The central problem was that despite parental involvement legislation, implementation and effectiveness of policies, and programs varies…

This study explored the effects of "Reading Mastery Plus" in grades K-2 at a Title 1 school with six students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Two students in each of grades kindergarten, 1, and 2 participated. "Diagnostic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS)" spring fluency probes were used…

Two schools in Maryland received ARRA SIG (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act School Improvement Grants) funds to enable them to implement their turnaround efforts. This paper describes the outcomes of these two ARRA SIG recipient schools: (1) G. James Gholson Middle School; and (2) Commodore John Rodgers Elementary School. The experiences of…

This study explored the social world of one school, looked at the web of relationships, and documented the social interactions that occurred in the context of a mandated reform. The study was designed to describe and understand the relationships of teachers in one school as they planned and developed a school-wide strategy for change as required…

Nine of the 11 elementary schools had supportive programs funded under Title I of the 1965 Elementary Secondary Education. Title I programs typically entailed the employment of additional teachers and paraprofessional school personnel. One school participated in the Education Professions Development Act project, a cooperative effort between the…

THE BACKGROUND AND PRESENT STATUS OF PROJECT CONCERN, A 2-YEAR DESEGREGATION PROJECT IN HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ARE DESCRIBED IN THIS REPORT. ABOUT 260 MINORITY GROUP PUPILS FROM EIGHT INNER-CITY ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS ARE BEING BUSED TO SCHOOLS IN FIVE OUTLYING SUBURBAN AREAS. STATE AND LOCAL TAX MONIES, PRIVATE FOUNDATION FUNDS, AND A FEDERAL GRANT…

The final technical report summarizes the development, operations, and effectiveness of Project Concern, Hartford's program of suburban school placement for inner-city children. This approach to educational improvement through busing disadvantaged students to neighboring towns was funded in part by the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, Title…

Project Concern is an experiment in educational intervention for children in those Hartford, Connecticut schools under Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Begun in September, 1966, the program aims to achieve school desegregation objectives by busing Hartford students to schools in the suburbs and by busing students from schools…