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Preschool-Age Children's Performance Expectations for Themselves and Another Child as a Function of the Incentive Value of Success and the Salience of Past Performance.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Stipek, Deborah J.; And Others – Child Development, 1984
Confirms the hypothesis that young children can make relatively realistic judgements about future performance if their attention is directed to past performance information. Sixty four-year-olds predicted performance outcomes for themselves or for another child after a series of failures. Results depended on rewards and the salience of past…
Descriptors: Evaluative Thinking, Expectation, Failure, Motivation
Communicative Adjustments during Behavior-Request Episodes among Children at Different Developmental Levels.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Guralnick, Michael J.; Paul-Brown, Diane – Child Development, 1984
Communicative adjustments of nonhandicapped preschool children addressing developmentally delayed companions were evaluated for their effectiveness and appropriateness. Behavior-request episodes in which initial failure had occurred were analyzed, and sequences of interactions were tracked within episodes until some form of resolution was…
Descriptors: Communication Research, Communication Skills, Disabilities, Failure
Development of Children's Performance-Related Judgments.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Stipek, Deborah J.; Hoffman, Joel M. – Child Development, 1980
Three- to eight-year-old children were asked to make causal attributions for performance on a motor task, reward allocations for the performance outcome, and state expectations for future success. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Achievement, Attribution Theory, Children, Expectation
Pupils' Attributions of Success and Failure.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Bar-Tal, Daniel; Darom, Efraim – Child Development, 1979
Using an open-ended questionnaire, 236 fifth- and sixth-grade pupils attributed their success or failure on a test given in their classroom to eight different causes. Results indicated that the pupils tended to attribute success mainly to external causes and failure mainly to internal causes. (JMB)
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students, Failure
Temperament and Parenting Antecedents of Individual Differences in Three-Year-Old Boys' Pride and Shame Reactions.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Belsky, Jay; And Others – Child Development, 1997
Examined 3-year-old boys' pride and shame reactions to success and failure on a "rigged" achievement situation. Found that pride and shame were related to task difficulty and success versus failure but unrelated to temperament after one year. Children whose parents were more positive in previous parenting displayed less pride and…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Emotional Response, Failure, Individual Differences
Origins of Human Competence: A Cultural-Ecological Perspective.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Ogbu, John U. – Child Development, 1981
Argues that child socialization is directed toward the development of instrumental competencies related to imperatives that vary across cultures. Criticizes the use of White middle-class standards in developmental research and proposes a cultural ecological model which studies competence in the context of the cultural imperatives of a given…
Descriptors: Child Rearing, Competence, Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Differences
A New Multidimensional Measure of Children's Perceptions of Control.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Connell, James P. – Child Development, 1985
Describes a new 48-item self-report instrument, the Multidimensional Measure of Children's Perceptions of Control, which defines children's perceptions of control as understanding the locus of sufficient cause for success and failure. Three dimensions of third- through ninth-grade children's perceptions of control are assessed within three…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Comprehension, Elementary School Students, Elementary Secondary Education