With the increasing disparity in educational outcomes among economically and racially different groups of students, summer school has received attention from school reformers as a means to close the achievement gap. Given the interest in this topic by educators, researchers, and policymakers, there is little research on the impact of summer school…

This article examines the impacts of summer instruction and test-based grade retention in New York City. We use a research design that exploits test score cutoffs used in assignment to these treatments. We find modest positive effects of summer instruction on English language arts (ELA) achievement for students assigned to summer instruction…

This paper uses the credits-attempted perspective--in the context of how many credits a student attempts in their first year of college--and reports on several related projects all intended to evaluate potential interventions to raise academic momentum among first-year community college students. The presentation contrasts non-experimental…

High-quality out-of-school-time (OST) programs have a positive effect on youth development, but many cities have found it difficult to address the challenges of expanding and improving the quality of programs offered to underserved and high-need students. In response, The Wallace Foundation sponsored an initiative to help five cities increase…

The past five decades have produced a tremendous archive of important and interesting strategies, frameworks and practices aimed at improvement in public education. Yet despite the vast set of knowledge generated by this work, gains have not been significant enough nor sustained. Young people still arrive at postsecondary institutions ill-prepared…

High-quality out-of-school-time (OST) programs have a positive effect on youth development, but many cities have found it difficult to address the challenges of expanding and improving the quality of programs offered to underserved and high-need students. In response, The Wallace Foundation sponsored an initiative to help five cities increase…

High-quality out-of-school-time (OST) programs have a positive effect on youth development, but many cities have found it difficult to address the challenges of expanding and improving the quality of programs offered to underserved and high-need students. In response, The Wallace Foundation sponsored an initiative to help five cities increase…

ALTHOUGH THERE WAS A DECREASE IN MIGRANT LABOR, THE NUMBER OF MIGRANT CHILDREN ATTENDING 6-WEEK SCHOOL PROGRAMS IN 1962 INCREASED OVER THE PREVIOUS YEAR. THE SUMMER SCHOOL CENTERS WERE SPONSORED BY THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND WERE REIMBURSED BY THE STATE. THE 1961 MIGRANT SCHOOLS WERE GUIDED BY A BASIC PHILOSOPHY WHICH STRESSED THE NEED FOR AN INTENSE…

In this article Harold Wach describes the gradual evolution of instructional technology faculty development programs at Bronx Community College from "one-shot" two-hour software training sessions toward a comprehensive model that combines intensive summer sessions, academic year implementation, peer mentoring, and accountability. The…

Many states and school districts are implementing test-based requirements for promotion at key transitional points in students' schooling careers, thus ending the practice of "social promotion"--promoting students who have failed to meet academic standards and requirements for that grade. In 2003-2004, the New York City Department of…

This report summarizes the Study of School Calendars in New York State. The Division of Research of the New York State Education Department was charged to study the effects of alternative school calendars on (1) energy conservation, (2) learning and retention of learning by students, (3) maximum utilization of school facilities, and (4) changing…

Positive, neutral, and negative verbal interaction data were collected from 2 schools in which 15 elementary summer school teachers interacted with 261 migrant and non-migrant students. These pupils were specifically identified as migrant or non-migrant. These data were then mpared with the teacher's perception of the pupil as migrant or…

The New York State Center for Migrant Studies conducted this 1968 study which investigated effects of token reinforcers on reading and arithmetic skills learnings of migrant primary school students during a 6-week summer school session. Students (Negro and Caucasian) received plastic tokens to reward skills learning responses. Tokens were traded…

The Sodus School District provided comprehensive services for over 300 migrant children from infants to teenagers, along with an intensive staff training summer laboratory school. The Day Care Centers gave 30 children a headstart with scholastic activities to ease adjustment problems when they entered regular school. To relieve the inconsistancy…

Experience gained from the 1973 summer teaching/training session of the Sodus Migrant Program constituted the planning core for the 1974 summer school program. In this 6 week session, 200 children (K-6) participated in individualized instructional activities and relationships focused on the program theme "Learning for Life." Academic…