Research on personal traits of Black managers shows the following: (1) upper-level managers score higher on self-actualization, masculinity-femininity, and self-assurance; (2) there is no difference in personal traits between successful and unsuccessful managers; and (3) there are no apparent differences in personal or management styles among the…

Problems faced by Black administrators in three community substance abuse agencies in Iowa were examined to determine the following: (1) the unique problems they faced; (2) their problems in relation to the expectations of their employers, co-workers, and clients; and (3) whether they believed there were problems specifically related to their…