This dissertation contains three chapters related to the study of how business cycles create real and persistent effects on economic agents. Chapter 1 focuses on young individuals' careers and college decisions; Chapter 2 on firms' firing and hiring asymmetric decisions and Chapter 3 on firms' sourcing strategies. In Chapter 1 "Strategic or…

Ever since students began returning to classrooms in the late summer and fall of 2021, countless news stories have described intense staffing shortages in primary and secondary schools. The pandemic has wreaked havoc on the country's K-12 educational workforce, with overworked educators retiring or leaving the profession, insufficient substitute…

The air transportation industry was experiencing massive growth across the globe before the COVID-19 pandemic. At that time, future projections from major forecasting indicators, such as the Boeing Global Forecast and Airbus Market Forecast, predicted a greater than 4% average yearly growth rate over the next twenty years. The Federal Aviation…

Building principals are more than the face of the school. School administrators spend their time guiding teachers and students, collaborating with parents, establishing a responsive culture, and navigating accountability measures brought about by legislative policies enacted to provide equity to all students and ensure they are competitive in the…

It has been known for several years that there are shortages of school psychologists. Effects of these shortages include unmanageable caseloads, the inability of school psychologists to provide prevention and intervention services or to regularly consult with school personnel and families, limited access to mental and behavioral health services…

Context: Unlike education policy for general education, technical and vocational education and training (TVET) policy often focuses on societal needs, ignoring the attitudes and subsequent behaviors of learners. As a result, the impact of TVET policies is not what was expected and sometimes even counterproductive. Starting from this, we use…

Since 2019, federal grants have supported a broad range of innovative efforts to address the critical shortage of school psychologists and other school-based mental health providers across the country. In collaboration with partner organizations and state school psychology associations, the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) has…

As of July 2022, child care employment in the United States was still 8.4% below what it was in February 2020 with nearly 90,000 child care professionals leaving the workforce for higher-paying and less stressful jobs. Although New Jersey's child care employment has been rising, the numbers have not reached pre-pandemic levels. This ongoing child…

In West Virginia mental health woes are fueled by social problems and a shortage of providers. West Virginia has one of the nation's highest rates of deaths of despair: fatalities attributed to suicide, drug overdoses, and alcohol-related disease. This infographic highlights the problems and possible solutions of the mental health needs of West…

Purpose: There is currently a shortage of applications for the role of principal. There are a range of factors contributing to this, one of which may be the considerable levels of stress and burnout reported by principals and deputy principals. Distributed leadership may offer some solutions to this challenge. This study aimed to explore the lived…

The proper alignment between supply of Vocational Education and Training (VET) and labour market demand is critical to successfully achieve VET's main benefits, such as reduction of academic dropout rates, unemployment reduction and economic growth. This article presents the study carried out in Leiria region (Portugal) to define VET areas…

What is the impact of the minimum wage on the college wage premium? I show that job-ladder models imply that the effect should be small on impact--raising only the wages of workers bound by the minimum wage--and grow over time as workers slowly move up the job ladder. Guided by my theory, I present evidence that these dynamic effects are present…

India has one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, and the highest working-age population. The country has a particular demand for skilled labourers, especially at the semi-skilled level, in various sectors. However, many young people find it challenging to acquire the skills employers demand. To approach the issue of youth…

NASP has long focused on efforts to remedy the shortages in school psychology and it has been a strategic goal of the organization since 2012. NASP, state school psychology associations, and individual school psychologists have devoted countless hours to examining the myriad variables that impact the shortages and to propose and enact solutions.…

The National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) emphasizes the role of school psychologists across a variety of domains, including engaging with families across multiple tiers of support (NASP, 2010a). However, the national school psychology shortage, leading school psychologists to work across various schools, may play a large role in the…