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Foster, David William – IRAL, 1982
Gives some examples of internal contradictions in the use of the Spanish subjunctive. Details these contradictions to show there is only a tenuous relationship between surface forms and semantic features and categories. (EKN)
Descriptors: Deep Structure, Grammar, Language Patterns, Semantics
James, Carl – IRAL, 1969
Descriptors: Contrastive Linguistics, Deep Structure, Interference (Language), Linguistic Theory
Ingo, Rune – IRAL, 1989
The different ways of expressing a nuclear phrase from one language in another language are examined with reference to Finnish, Swedish, and French. Two specific methods of representing the root phrase in surface structure are examined in some detail. (MSE)
Descriptors: Applied Linguistics, Contrastive Linguistics, Deep Structure, Finnish
Loffler-Laurian, Anne-Marie – IRAL, 1987
Describes a study that attempts to systematize the criteria required for accurate translations of technical documents. The results of a Linguistic Appreciation Questionnaire-Test, administered to 19 professional translators, were used to categorize the most common translation variables: style, structure, rhythm, and meaning of text in the hope of…
Descriptors: Deep Structure, English, French, Interpretive Skills
Cornish, Francis – IRAL, 1986
Presents rules for the correct use of the French pronouns "ce" and "il," based on the criterion of discourse coherence and an understanding of the principles underlying the use of demonstrative vs. personal pronouns. (MSE)
Descriptors: Coherence, Discourse Analysis, Error Patterns, French
Green, Christopher F. – IRAL, 1996
Examines the cross-linguistic influence of native language topic-prominence in shaping and accenting the written English discourse produced by Chinese learners. The article endeavors to demonstrate that this interlingual discourse does not meet the criteria for adequate coherence in written English discourse. (22 references) (Author/CK)
Descriptors: Chinese, Coherence, Context Effect, Cultural Influences
El-Hassan, Shahir A. – IRAL, 1987
Supports the claim that aspect in English and written Arabic is a function of a variety of sentential elements including verb form, verb class, and adverbials. The two languages are basically similar in regard to two universal aspectual distinctions: syntactic categories and semantic categories. (TR)
Descriptors: Adverbs, Arabic, Classification, Comparative Analysis