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Rajkumar, Rajakrishnan – ProQuest LLC, 2012
Natural Language Generation (NLG) is the process of generating natural language text from an input, which is a communicative goal and a database or knowledge base. Informally, the architecture of a standard NLG system consists of the following modules (Reiter and Dale, 2000): content determination, sentence planning (or microplanning) and surface…
Descriptors: Natural Language Processing, Linguistics, Language Processing, Models

Carroll, John M. – Language and Speech, 1979
Two experiments showed that functional completeness--the explicit propositional surface realization of deep-structure clause relations--isolated effective and integral comprehension units, which definitions of comprehension units couched in levels of syntactic structure failed to do. (Author/RL)
Descriptors: Comprehension, Deep Structure, Language Processing, Language Research
Clifton, Charles, Jr.; Frazier, Lyn – 1980
This report describes part of a longer study on sentence comprehension. The long range goal is to identify distinct levels of processing in terms of the types of linguistic and extralinguistic information each level uses. The focus of this part of the study is sentences with filler-gap relations, such as, "This is the girl the teacher wanted to…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Language Research, Listening Comprehension, Psycholinguistics

Gensler, Orin – 1977
A polemic is made for frame semantics and the linguistic phenomenon of anaphoric reference without noun phrase (NP) antecedent is examined within this frame. Non-syntactic anaphora is that which does not point out into the real world but rather points back into the discourse in a frame which has been built up between the speaker and hearer in a…
Descriptors: Grammar, Language Processing, Language Research, Linguistic Theory
Crain, Stephen; Coker, Pamela L. – 1978
This research examines how semantic information influences syntactic parsing decisions during sentence processing. In the first experiment, subjects were presented lexical strings having syntactically identical surface structures but with two possible underlying structures: "The children taught by the Berlitz method," and "The…
Descriptors: Deep Structure, Language Processing, Language Research, Linguistic Theory
Tyler, Lorraine; Marslen-Wilson, William – Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1977
A presentation of an experiment testing the claim that on-line syntactic processing is autonomous and not affected by semantic content. Results suggested that before the clause boundary is reached, syntactic decisions can be influenced by prior semantic context. An appendix containing numerous examples of clauses and probe words is included. (AMH)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Deep Structure, Language Processing, Language Research

Chernov, Ghelly V. – Language and Speech, 1979
Suggests that cumulative dynamic analysis of the semantic structure of the incoming message is subconsciously performed by interpreters. (Author/RL)
Descriptors: Adults, Communication Research, Deep Structure, Interpreters

Grosjean, Francois; And Others – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1981
Native users of American Sign Language manipulated sentences in four ways: sign them at slow rate, parse them, make relatedness judgments of pairs of signs taken from each sentence, and recall the sentences. Hierarchical performance structures for each of the sentences were highly similar across tasks. (Author/RD)
Descriptors: Adults, Language Patterns, Language Processing, Models

Garnham, A. – Language and Speech, 1987
Investigates the availability of surface representations for the interpretation of verb-phrase ellipsis. Results show that an elliptical verb phrase is most easily interpreted if its antecedent is in the immediately preceding sentence and that this can not be explained in terms of the unnaturalness of the passages with distant antecedents. (MM)
Descriptors: Encoding (Psychology), Grammar, Language Processing, Language Research

Glisan, Eileen W. – Language Learning, 1985
Reports the results of an experiment which tested the ability of native English-speaking students of Spanish and native Spanish speakers to comprehend an oral passage, in Spanish, and remember the word order of certain sentences. The findings indicate that word order significantly affected the degree of the English speakers' comprehension.…
Descriptors: English, Language Patterns, Language Processing, Listening Comprehension
Kieras, David E. – Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1978
Conventional paragraph structure requires that the topic sentence be presented first, followed by connected, coherent sentences. The processing role of these rules was investigated by comparing performance on reading simple passages that conformed to or violated conventional paragraph organization. (Author/SW)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Content Area Reading, Language Processing, Memory

Wolff, Dieter – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 1987
Discusses a preliminary and sketchy hypothesis of second language comprehension based on empirical investigations into strategies and processes specific to second language comprehension. (Author/CB)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis, Deep Structure, Language Processing
McClelland, James L.; Kawamoto, Alan H. – 1986
This paper describes and illustrates a simulation model for the processing of grammatical elements in a sentence, focusing on one aspect of sentence comprehension: the assignment of the constituent elements of a sentence to the correct thematic case roles. The model addresses questions about sentence processing from a perspective very different…
Descriptors: Case (Grammar), Comparative Analysis, Comprehension, Computational Linguistics

Greenfield, Patricia M.; Dent, Cathy H. – Journal of Child Language, 1982
Contrasts the syntactic view of forward and backward deletion of base structure elements with the idea that pragmatic factors of situational redundancy and perceptual grouping account for conjunction reduction in children. (EKN)
Descriptors: Child Language, Children, Conjunctions, Deep Structure
Rosebery, Ann S. – 1986
A study investigated how two text-based factors, word relationships and surface syntactic structure, interact with readers' ability to analyze the semantic relationships and make inferences based on those analyses. In each passage, the influence of word relationships was assessed by manipulating the degree of semantic entailment between two words…
Descriptors: Evaluation Methods, Evaluative Thinking, High Schools, Inferences
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