"Trope" comes from a Greek word meaning "turn." In the rhetorical sense, a trope refers to a "turn" in the way that words are being used to communicate something more than--or different from--a literal or straightforward message. Tropes are part of "deep structure" meanings and include such rhetorical devices as allegories, allusions, euphemisms,…

This paper is a study in the grammar of coreference. A wide variety of evidence is presented which shows that the distribution of nominal expressions in English sentences if subject to previously unsuspected constraints involving coreference. Principles are suggested which explain a large number of such cases in terms of general restrictions on…

Synonyms are not in syntactic free-variation. Some text composition rules are examined and it is shown that they prevent the occurrence of paradoxical utterances which could arise if synonyms were freely substitutable. (Text is in German.) (TL)

THIS PAPER CONSIDERS SEVERAL TYPES OF ENGLISH SENTENCES WHICH ARE UTTERED FOR THE PURPOSE OF ELICITING A LINGUISTIC RESPONSE FROM THE HEARER AND WHICH, ON THAT BASIS, CAN BE CLASSED AS QUESTIONS. A SEMANTIC UNIT "PLUS INTERROGATIVE", WHOSE MEANING IS THAT THE SPEAKER REQUESTS NEW INFORMATION FROM THE HEARER, IS SEEN TO PLAY A ROLE IN MORE THAN ONE…

Kindergarteners, first, third, and fifth graders were statistically indistinguishable in their recall of short stories containing either full passive or truncated passive target sentences. (CS)

Gives some examples of internal contradictions in the use of the Spanish subjunctive. Details these contradictions to show there is only a tenuous relationship between surface forms and semantic features and categories. (EKN)

Described is the system of mental operations occurring in text comprehension and in recall and summarization. A processing model is outlined: 1) the meaning elements of a text become organized into a coherent whole, 2) the full meaning of the text is condensed into its gist, and 3) new texts are generated from the comprehension processes.…

Conclusion of an article begun in number 5, 1972 (p288-294). (RS)

Consideration of the grammatical connections which might exist between certain structural types of substantival metaphors, e.g., You're a (greedy) pig!'' and You're as greedy as a pig!'' (RS)

Transformational analysis of verb phrases in English is discussed. More than 150 transformations are classified arising from 10 basic kernel strings. See FL 508 197 for availability. (RM)

IN AGREEMENT WITH CHOMSKY, THE AUTHOR DISCUSSES SELECTIONAL RESTRICTIONS ON SUBJECTS AND OBJECTS BASED ON CRITERIA OF WHAT MUST OR CANNOT OCCUR IN THOSE SLOTS IN A SENTENCE. THROUGH AN ANALYSIS OF INTERDEPENDENCY RELATIONSHIPS, VARIOUS DEEP- AND SURFACE-STRUCTURE FEATURES ARE DISTINGUISHED CONCERNING TRANSITIVE VERBS AND THE INTERPRETATION OF…