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Wu, Jiun-Yu; Kwok, Oi-man – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2012
Both ad-hoc robust sandwich standard error estimators (design-based approach) and multilevel analysis (model-based approach) are commonly used for analyzing complex survey data with nonindependent observations. Although these 2 approaches perform equally well on analyzing complex survey data with equal between- and within-level model structures…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Surveys, Data Analysis, Comparative Analysis