Most of the literature on mobile language learning is located in classroom contexts, and often concerns the use of resources developed by teachers or researchers. However, we also need to understand learner initiated practices, in informal as well as formal settings, where mobile language learners are increasingly using digital resources. In this…

In all educational contexts, technological developments and changes in pedagogical theory mean that any picture of current practice and attitudes must be dynamic. In many countries, the learning outcomes of foreign language courses now include intercultural communicative competence (ICC), although the precise model for teaching ICC varies even…

Reports that differences between two groups of Indochinese immigrants in the United States--an English-competent group and an English-deficient group--were highly significant with respect to the variables of educational background, English language newspaper reading, interpersonal contact with Americans, and frequency of newspaper reading. (GT)