We discuss a new construct called Industry 5.0, which has infiltrated the education sector, enabling us to explore Education 5.0. This concept is based on the use of advanced technologies that enable it to address global issues in contemporary society, many of which are related to sustainability. In line with the above, the aim of this research was to reveal the possible advances that have been made in Education 5.0 and its relationship with Sustainable Development Goals, especially sustainability, to achieve this, a systematic literature review was carried out, analyzing 92 articles from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. The analysis was carried out through research questions that allowed the documentary corpus to be explored, organized, and segmented in order to focus on three elements How sustainability has been approached by Education 5.0, the possible challenges it faces in working toward sustainability in the immediate future, and finally, a characterization of the publications. The results take into account that: a) the management of education and its relationship with industry 5.0 seems to be the favorite topic when SDGs are addressed; b) the impact on sustainability for 5.0 technologies is diverse, ranging from facilitating intelligent resource management to refining teaching methods, raising awareness of sustainability, improving collaboration and promoting virtuality; c) SDGs is the topic less addressed in the literature in the margin of Education 5.0; d) Most of the authors agreed that the main challenge is the widespread adoption of technologies in Education 5.0. The review concludes that the emergence of Education 5.0 introduces technological advances accentuated by a human-centered vision. However, it is urgent that institutions adopt an inquisitiveness about quality education, the achievement of SDGs, and the sustainability of education to amplify sustainable key competencies, such as creativity and human-centered thinking.