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Malloy, Peggy – National Consortium on Deaf-Blindness, 2008
Language involves the use of symbols in the form of words or signs that allow people to communicate their thoughts, ideas, and needs. Even without formal language, many children who are deaf-blind learn to communicate with gestures and object or picture symbols. Symbolic expression makes it possible to express thoughts and feelings about the…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Communication, Deafness, Language Acquisition, Deaf Blind

Mayberry, Rachel; And Others – New Directions for Child Development, 1987
Examines recent research on the development of symbols by hearing impaired children. Suggests that the lack of experience with symbols in the hearing domain does not impede symbolic development in other sensory domains. Deaf children do not appear to be impaired compared to normally hearing children in terms of symbolic systems serving…
Descriptors: Child Development, Deafness, Hearing Impairments, Symbolic Language
McCarthy, Robert J.; Marshall, Helen R. – J Genet Psychol, 1969
Research performed pursuant to a contract with the U.S. Office of Education.
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Deafness, Handicapped Children, Hearing (Physiology)

Frishberg, Nancy – Language, 1975
This paper examines historical processes in American Sign Language (ASL) and shows that there is a tendency for signs to change in the direction of arbitrariness, rather than maintaining a level of iconicity. Changes at the formational level are seen as contributing to language-internal consistency, at the expense of transparency. (Author/CLK)
Descriptors: American Sign Language, Communication (Thought Transfer), Deafness, Diachronic Linguistics

Robinshaw, Helen M. – Early Child Development and Care, 1994
Provides an overview of how early identification and intervention for hearing impairment may benefit deaf infants' acquisition of symbolic language. Concludes that the role of the caregiver is central to the planning and success of early intervention programs for infants with deafness. (MDM)
Descriptors: Auditory Perception, Caregiver Role, Communication Skills, Deafness

Roberts, Gail C. – Young Children, 1979
Reviews research pertaining to various aspects of early cognitive development in deaf children. (CM)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Deafness

Grissom, Billie W.; Cochran, Samuel W. – American Annals of the Deaf, 1986
Teachers (N=39), administrators (N=9), and a speech therapist working with deaf students rated 240 competencies for teaching English as a symbol system. The top 38 competencies involved practical teaching skills and techniques. Competencies related to the oral-aural method, theory, and background information about deafness were not given high…
Descriptors: Administrator Attitudes, Communication Skills, Deafness, Delphi Technique