Recent investigations on how people derive meaning from language have focused on task-dependent shifts between two cognitive systems. The symbolic (amodal) system represents meaning as the statistical relationships between words. The embodied (modal) system represents meaning through neurocognitive simulation of perceptual or sensorimotor systems…

To identify the relationship between non-verbal working memory and graphic symbol selection, this study examined whether the response time to select target symbols in a sentence construction task differed between two groups: a high non-verbal working memory group and a low non-verbal working memory group. The interaction effect between non-verbal…

Effects of varying the complexity of written Chinese characters in a lexical decision task were studied for 40 adult Chinese students. Results suggest that complexity affects reaction time when subjects identify characters they often read. Theoretical implications are discussed in terms of the interaction of basic perceptual processes and…