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Peer reviewedGardner, Howard – Journal of Aesthetic Education, 1976
Project Zero, an interdisciplinary research group founded in 1967 and dedicated to effective arts education, has always viewed as central to its work the ability of persons to use and understand various kinds of symbols. The focus here is on the breakdown of symbolic capacities as well as their earliest origins. (Author/RK)
Descriptors: Aphasia, Art Education, Child Psychology, Creativity
Gardner, Howard; And Others – New York University Education Quarterly, 1975
This article, which sheds light on the variety of symbol use among children, discusses the need to investigate each symbolic medium separately and to integrate cognitive and affective aspects underlying artistic production. (Editor/RK)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Art Expression, Childhood Attitudes, Freehand Drawing
Download full textSalomon, Gavriel; Gardner, Howard – 1983
The "symbol systems approach" to the study of computers in education that is outlined avoids the pitfalls of past media research--particularly research on the effects of television on children's learning and knowledge--and asserts that media can be usefully distinguished in terms of the symbol systems they present and the kinds of…
Descriptors: Children, Cognitive Processes, Computers, Elementary Secondary Education
