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Vandenberg, Brian – American Psychologist, 1978
A review of play in nonhuman animals indicates that play increases with phylogenetic status, is important for mature social development in more advanced species, reflects intentional activity, and is essential for the development of tool-using strategies. (Author)
Descriptors: Animal Behavior, Behavior Patterns, Play, Social Behavior
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Siegler, Robert S. – American Psychologist, 2005
A new field of children's learning is emerging. This new field differs from the old in recognizing that children's learning includes active as well as passive mechanisms and qualitative as well as quantitative changes. Children's learning involves substantial variability of representations and strategies within individual children as well as…
Descriptors: Children, Active Learning, Learning Strategies, Models