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Deloache, Judy S.; Uttal, David H.; Pierroutsakos, Sophia L. – Learning and Instruction, 1998
Research on young children and their understanding and use of models indicates that they have particular difficulty understanding and using symbols that are in themselves interesting objects (have dual representation). Implications for the use of symbols for educational purposes are discussed, reviewing several commonly used symbolic objects. (SLD)
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Comprehension, Difficulty Level, Models
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Bodemer, Daniel; Ploetzner, Rolf; Feuerlein, Inge; Spada, Hans – Learning and Instruction, 2004
Computer-based learning environments commonly comprise symbolic as well as static and dynamic pictorial representations, frequently combined with the possibility of modifying them interactively. While multiple, dynamic and interactive external representations have the potential to improve learning in various ways, they also place specific demands…
Descriptors: Visualization, Pictorial Stimuli, Computer Assisted Instruction, Educational Environment