Project Zero, an interdisciplinary research group founded in 1967 and dedicated to effective arts education, has always viewed as central to its work the ability of persons to use and understand various kinds of symbols. The focus here is on the breakdown of symbolic capacities as well as their earliest origins. (Author/RK)

This paper discusses links among the process of creativity, symbolization, and learning. The importance of symbolization in thinking, in school learning, in child development, and in the behavior of creative learners is stressed. (DB)

A composition course is described in which students are encouraged to explore metaphorical expressions in a variety of media. (JH)

Aimed at advancement of the arts through improvement of education for both understanding and production, this long range basic research program dealt primarily with the study of the varieties and interaction of human abilities, the nature of the tasks involved in the several arts, and the available means for inculcating or fostering the abilities…

Factor analytic studies suggest that there are six replicable second order cognitive factors. These six factors lend themselves to being interpreted as aspects of Royce's three ways of knowing: conceptual, perceptual, or symbolical. This view provides a unified explanation of the second and third order factors. (Author/CTM)

This theme issue explores the development of memory and creativity in very young children. The first article, "The Guy Who Went Up the Steep Nicken: The Emergence of Story Telling during the First Three Years" (Susan Engel), describes the developmental stages of children's story telling. The reasons children tell stories and strategies for…

An examination was made into the problems of development of creative reasoning. Historical comments regarding the probable development of creative thought were amplified by glimpses into the lives of several mythical prehistoric characters. Contemporary classroom techniques designed to stimulate creative thought were presented for use in the areas…

Learning activities that use visual art symbols enhance the creative and artistic potential of gifted and talented students; promote integration of thought and feeling and the development of multiple symbol systems. Proposes combining with Clark's integrative education model to improve the academic success of all American Indian students. (SV)

The effects of different models of exploration questioning on young children's associative fluency were examined in two experiments with kindergarteners. It is concluded that asking descriptive and difference exploration questions are most facilitative of children's associative fluency. (Author/SEW)

A review of research on children's symbolic play discusses ways for teachers to (1) defend the inclusion of play in the curriculum; (2) understand and respect differences in the ways children play; and (3) facilitate play in the classroom. Discusses the complexity of play and the controversy about play as part of the curriculum. (GLR)

Presents a longitudinal case study of one girl's artistic development from age 2 to 6 years to illustrate the interplay between the child's symbolic development and the social context in which she draws. Considers the observer-researcher as a "co-constructor" of artistic development, highlighting the need for models of development that integrate…

The fifteen essays collected here are grouped under three sections, each dealing with a different, but related theme. The first section, exploring the relationship of literature to the human being, includes "The Jinnee in the Well Wrought Urn,""A Dialectic of Aural and Objective Correlatives,""Metaphor and the Twinned Vision," and"Voice as Summons…

This report reviews major theoretical and empirical studies concerning the process of creativity and the skills involved in creating art. Part I describes process studies with adult subjects engaged in activities such as poetry writing, editing, and critiquing a poem. Ten amateur and ten professional poets were subjects. These studies analyzed the…