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Peer reviewedAustin, Joe Dan – Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 1974
Seventy-one college students were taught probability and statistics for one month by one of three methods: MP, manipulative-pictorial; P, pictorial; and S, symbolic. Analysis of variance yielded significant differences (p.05) between treatment groups for selected subtests of an achievement test and generally favored MP and P over S.
Descriptors: College Mathematics, Instruction, Intermode Differences, Manipulative Materials
Christ, Richard E. – J Gen Psychol, 1969
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Decision Making, Learning Processes, Memory
