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Peer reviewedWashington, Julie A.; Craig, Holly K. – Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1994
This study examined nonstandard syntactic and morphological forms used by 45 poor, urban, 4- to 5.5-year-old African American children. Distributional analyses revealed three subgroups distinguished by the percentage frequencies of occurrence of utterances containing specific forms and by the predominant types used by each group. (Author)
Descriptors: Black Dialects, Black Students, Discourse Analysis, Language Acquisition
Peer reviewedCraig, Holly K.; Washington, Julie A.; Thompson-Porter, Connie – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 1998
This investigation reports average length of communication units (C-units) in words and in morphemes for 95 African-American boys and girls (ages 4-6) from lower-income, urban homes. Mean C-units increased across the age span and syntactic complexity of the children's language samples correlated positively with increases in C-unit length.…
Descriptors: Black Dialects, Black Students, Disability Identification, Evaluation Methods
