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Peer reviewedBartel, Nettie R.; And Others – Journal of School Psychology, 1973
After delineating phonological and syntactic characteristics of black English, the authors present a review of comparative studies and conclude that a dialect exists among lower-class black children. That no standardized tests have been developed for use with speakers of the dialect poses a problem for educators. The authors conclude that the use…
Descriptors: Black Students, Dialect Studies, Disadvantaged Youth, Language Skills
Peer reviewedPullum, Geoffrey K. – Language, 1997
Argues that forms represented orthographically as "wanna,""hafta,""gonna,""gotta,""usta," and "sposta" are linked to "want to,""have to," for example, by derivational morphology. Also argues that these to-derivatives inflect on their heads, not their edges, and that they are synonymous with their bases but have different subcategories and more…
Descriptors: Ambiguity, Dialect Studies, Form Classes (Languages), Language Styles
RAUN, ALO; SAARESTE, ANDRUS – 1965
THIS TEXT COMPRISES A SURVEY OF THE ESTONIAN LANGUAGE, WHICH IS GROUPED HERE WITH LIVONIAN, VOTIC, AND A PART OF WESTERN FINNISH, TO FORM THE SOUTHWESTERN BRANCH OF THE FINNIC (OR BALTO-FINNIC) LANGUAGES. THE AUTHORS' CLASSIFICATIONS AND A HISTORY OF THE STUDIES WHICH HAVE BEEN CARRIED OUT IN ESTONIAN ARE PRESENTED, FOLLOWED BY A PRESENTATION OF…
Descriptors: Bibliographies, Descriptive Linguistics, Diachronic Linguistics, Dialect Studies
Petersen, P. W. – 1978
The dangers and misuses of literary dialect as a source of information for linguistic evaluation are analyzed. "Literary dialect" is used to refer to writing in which the main purpose is the artful construction of a narrative, where the dialect representation is apt to be concerned more with giving an artful impression of a dialect than…
Descriptors: Black Dialects, Black Literature, Creoles, Dialect Studies
Ashby, William J. – 1977
In the French verb phrase, negation is often marked twice, by a proclitic element (ne) and by a second negative (such as "pas" or "rien"). Until the seventeenth century, the first element was obligatory, while a second negative was optionally added for emphasis or precision. Subsequently, the second negatives lost their…
Descriptors: Descriptive Linguistics, Dialect Studies, French, Language Research
Download full textChristian, Jane – 1971
This paper compares respect forms used in Bhojpuri, standard Hindi, and suddh Hindi. The role and use of each dialect are described, and a comparison of respect forms used in each is presented, considering phonemic, grammatical, syntactical, suprasegmental, paralinguistic, and kinesic features. The differences noted appear in a continuum among the…
Descriptors: Child Language, Comparative Analysis, Consonants, Contrastive Linguistics
Fine, Marlene G.; Anderson, Carolyn – 1978
This study describes the syntactic features of Black English Vernacular (BEV) spoken by black characters in three black situation comedies on American television: "The Jeffersons,""Good Times," and "What's Happening." Using scripts and audio tapes of three episodes from each series during the 1977-78 television season, transcripts were made of…
Descriptors: Black Culture, Black Dialects, Blacks, Commercial Television
