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Ruying Li; Gaofeng Li – International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 2025
Systems thinking (ST) is an essential competence for future life and biology learning. Appropriate assessment is critical for collecting sufficient information to develop ST in biology education. This research offers an ST framework based on a comprehensive understanding of biological systems, encompassing four skills across three complexity…
Descriptors: Test Construction, Test Validity, Science Tests, Cognitive Tests
Baligar, Preethi; Mallibhat, Kaushik; Kavale, Sanjeev; Joshi, Gopalkrishna – IEEE Transactions on Education, 2022
Contribution: This study identifies the attributes of complexity that can be incorporated into engineering design problems at first-year undergraduate engineering projects. The findings are compiled as a set of guidelines to aid engineering educators in crafting design problems. Background: Engineering professionals solve complex problems like…
Descriptors: Engineering Education, Design, Problem Solving, College Freshmen

Buckland, Michael K.; Florian, Doris – Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 1991
Examines the relationship between users' expertise, task complexity of information system use, and artificial intelligence to provide the basis for a conceptual framework for considering the role that artificial intelligence might play in information systems. Cognitive and conceptual models are discussed, and cost effectiveness is considered. (27…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Computer System Design, Cost Effectiveness, Difficulty Level
Kaiser, Javaid – 1985
A survey of computer scientists was conducted to identify factors that affect software complexity. A total of 160 items were selected from the literature to include in a questionnaire sent to 425 individuals who were employees of computer-related businesses in Lawrence and Kansas City. The items were grouped into nine categories called system…
Descriptors: Adults, Computer Software, Difficulty Level, Factor Analysis
Alkin, Marvin C. – 1969
Evaluation of instructional programs involves the process of ascertaining the decisions to be made. The decision maker, not the evaluator, determines the questions to be asked or the decisions to be made. A second task of evaluation deals with the specification of required information in light of system objectives. The task of the evaluator…
Descriptors: Behavioral Objectives, Decision Making, Difficulty Level, Evaluation Criteria

Fisher, B. Aubrey; And Others – Communication Monographs, 1977
Attempts to provide an empirical basis for conducting present and future research into communication structure emphasizing the analysis of the complexity of the communication structure. (MH)
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Communication (Thought Transfer), Conceptual Schemes, Difficulty Level
Semple, Clarence A.; Majesty, Melvin S. – 1969
In this study, a systems methodology was devised for determing knowledge and skills common to piloting tasks required by differing aircraft missions to form a data base for developing a task oriented flight training program. The general approach was to identify and classify specific tasks performed by Air Force pilots, with the required level of…
Descriptors: Classification, Criteria, Difficulty Level, Equipment
International Association for Development of the Information Society, 2012
The IADIS CELDA 2012 Conference intention was to address the main issues concerned with evolving learning processes and supporting pedagogies and applications in the digital age. There had been advances in both cognitive psychology and computing that have affected the educational arena. The convergence of these two disciplines is increasing at a…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Academic Persistence, Academic Support Services, Access to Computers