Offers an analysis of the impact of Federal intervention and major criticisms of the notion of programistic aid as opposed to general aid. (Author)

The professional development process can be organized as a continuous, multifaceted, proactive, and integrated system that is futures-oriented and focused on adaptation as an essential organizational function. A systems model employing a university professional school as an example is presented. It focuses on professional schools because they lend…

The system approach to planning and managing educational change features the use of an adaptive framework and a strategy for planned system change. The approach focuses management attention upon (1) relevant future states of expectation or goals, (2) present and future state variables and contexts, (3) human organization factors, and (4)…

This study concentrates on the significant changes in policies and decisions as the New York City school system shifted from its previous efforts to desegregate the schools to the current attempts at decentralization. The major controversy in the city is now focused on who shall govern the schools. Findings are based on a three-part systems…

Every administrator bears primary responsibility for planning the accomplishment of those objectives and activities that fall in his area. When responsibility is relatively restricted, the informal and intuitive methods that constitute "sound judgment" suffice. However, as his area of responsibility widens to include increasingly complex…