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Frederiksen, John R.; Collins, Allan – Educational Researcher, 1989
Proposes a systemically valid testing system that induces curricular and instructional changes in education systems to foster the development of the cognitive traits that tests are designed to measure. Analyzes test characteristics and outlines the principles of a systemically valid testing system. (FMW)
Descriptors: Cognitive Tests, Educational Change, Outcomes of Education, Systems Approach