The impact of the accountability movement is examined in terms of the defensiveness which such programs have caused among educators and its emphasis on what schools cannot do rather than what they can do. (JMF)

Curriculum theorists should develop three classes of propositions: (1) definitional propositions, which involve the curriculum design and curriculum system; (2) normative or descriptive propositions, which involve goals in planning the curriculum and designing an evaluation scheme; and (3) predictive propositions, which involve the correlative…

A model of inservice education programs for vocational education teachers is presented that consists primarily of the following components: the research foundation; the experimental or practical foundation; the communication base; a systems approach; and a cooperative framework. (GW)

A life-span human development model of learning in early childhood is presented. Learning is viewed as a human enterprise which spans the entire lifetime and involves interaction among people. The bounds of interaction are derived from philosophy and from the biological and social behavioral sciences. (JN)

To understand the processes of learning and to make educational decisions for the future, three levels of environmental and historical context need to be considered. The microsystem represents the most immediate environment, the family; the exosystem includes environment experienced directly, the neighborhood; and the macrosystem represents the…