The effects of vocalized tests on paired-associate learning were compared with those of silent tests and of blank trials by using six conditions, each repeating a pattern of six cycles including one study trial. (Editor/RK)

Sought to elucidate the nature of odor memory by applying paradigms from verbal learning and semantic memory and to investigate two processes affecting paired-associate performance. (Author/RK)

Tulving and others (Tulving, 1974; Tulving & Madigan, 1970) have distinguished two kinds of forgetting of verbal information: trace-dependent forgetting and cue-dependent forgetting. Attempts to determine which type occurs in retroactive inhibition of free-recall learning. (Author/RK)

Focuses on the effect of verbal and pictorial stimuli on paired associate learning. The discussion centers on the traditional finding that learning is easier with pictures than with words as stimuli. Hypothesizes that this effect is caused by differential coding and storing strategies for words and pictures. (Editor/RK)