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Friedman, Alinda; Bourne, Lyle E., Jr. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 1976
Proposes that a levels-of-processing analysis of encoding implies that (a) other things being equal, (e.g., task requirements), deeper information should be equally derivable from pictures and words; but (b) when picture-word differences do occur, they are encoding phenomena which result because task requirements generally favor more discriminable…
Descriptors: Codification, Diagrams, Experimental Psychology, Experiments