The effects of vocalized tests on paired-associate learning were compared with those of silent tests and of blank trials by using six conditions, each repeating a pattern of six cycles including one study trial. (Editor/RK)

In the present study an attempt was made to investigate the duality of encoding mechanisms via instructional sets that were independent of stimulus characteristics. (Author)

Research has indicated that interference produced by the sharing of sensory features of paired-associate stimulus words was not eliminated by processing the pairs at the meaning level. These experiments were intended to extend the range of conditions under which the sensory interference effect might persist, and to incorporate the findings within…

Sought to elucidate the nature of odor memory by applying paradigms from verbal learning and semantic memory and to investigate two processes affecting paired-associate performance. (Author/RK)

Two experiments compared concrete nouns and numbers as retrieval cues for paired associates across three recall tests with Ss given instructions to form unbiased mnemonics, mnemonics biased toward the noun, mnemonics biased toward the number, or control instructions. (Editor)

The purpose of this experiment was to determine if the verbal system is involved in coding pictorial reresentations when the task requires the acquisition of their relative order. (Author)

Two experiments were conducted and the results of both experiments were viewed as consistent with the hypothesis that episodic information (e.g., word pairs, word grouping) is stored separately from semantic information (categories) in long-term memory. (Editor/RK)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the nature of the processing of material for recall and recognition as a function of Ss' knowledge of mode of test in order to provide an interpretation of earlier studies. (Author/RK)

Purpose of the study was to investigate further the nature of an imagery dimension as it relates to the storage of individual, object-referent words. (Authors)

The evidence from studies of component selection in paired-associate learning is reviewed and then considered in relation to Martin's (1968) hypothesis of encoding variability and Rudy's (1974) model of variations in the associative process. Component-selection tasks are also compared to verbal concept-formation tasks. (Editor)

Ninety six second graders each had three study/test trials with picture/picture or picture/word associates. Article investigated their responses. (Author/RK)

The present experiment was designed to give attention to a potentially important parameter, that of paired-associate task modality. (Author/RK)

Tulving and others (Tulving, 1974; Tulving & Madigan, 1970) have distinguished two kinds of forgetting of verbal information: trace-dependent forgetting and cue-dependent forgetting. Attempts to determine which type occurs in retroactive inhibition of free-recall learning. (Author/RK)

Nelson, Brooks, and Wheeler (1975) found that interference effects produced by physical similarity among word stimuli in paired associates result from the disruption of contact with the functional stimulus and that interference with associative retrieval is minimal. Data in this research challenge their conclusion on several grounds. (Author/RK)

Subjects were given tests of visual memory using stimuli which were similar, but not identical, to those used in a subsequent paired-associate learning task. Scores on the visual memory and the paired-associate tasks were then used for analysis. (Author/RK)