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Brown, Victoria; Lewis, David; Toussaint, Mario – Journal of the American Academy of Special Education Professionals, 2016
The multimedia elements of text and audio need to be carefully integrated together to maximize the impact of those elements for learning in a multimedia environment. Redundancy information presented through audio and visual channels can inhibit learning for individuals diagnosed with ADHD, who may experience challenges in the processing of…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Teaching Methods, Multimedia Instruction
Roebuck, Hettie; Freigang, Claudia; Barry, Johanna G. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2016
Purpose: Continuous performance tasks (CPTs) are used to measure individual differences in sustained attention. Many different stimuli have been used as response targets without consideration of their impact on task performance. Here, we compared CPT performance in typically developing adults and children to assess the role of stimulus processing…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Task Analysis, Adults, Children
van Hulst, Branko M.; de Zeeuw, Patrick; Bos, Dienke J.; Rijks, Yvonne; Neggers, Sebastiaan F. W.; Durston, Sarah – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2017
Background: Changes in reward processing are thought to be involved in the etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as other developmental disorders. In addition, different forms of therapy for ADHD rely on reinforcement principles. As such, improved understanding of reward processing in ADHD could eventually lead to…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Task Analysis, Reinforcement, Therapy
Jarrett, Matthew A.; Gilpin, Ansley Tullos; Pierucci, Jillian M.; Rondon, Ana T. – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2016
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be identified in the preschool years, but little is known about the correlates of ADHD symptoms in preschool children. Research to date suggests that factors such as temperament, personality, and neuropsychological functioning may be important in understanding the development of early ADHD…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Short Term Memory, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Salcedo-Marin, M. D.; Moreno-Granados, J. M.; Ruiz-Veguilla, M.; Ferrin, M. – Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 2013
Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorders (ADHD) and Autistic-Spectrum-Disorders (ASD) share overlapping clinical and cognitive features that may confuse the diagnosis. Evaluation of executive problems and planning dysfunction may aid the clinical diagnostic process and help disentangle the neurobiological process underlying these conditions. This…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism, Task Analysis, Maps
Montyla, Timo; Still, Johanna; Gullberg, Stina; Del Missier, Fabio – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2012
Objectives: This study examined decision-making competence in ADHD by using multiple decision tasks with varying demands on analytic versus affective processes. Methods: Adults with ADHD and healthy controls completed two tasks of analytic decision making, as measured by the Adult Decision-Making Competence (A-DMC) battery, and two affective…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Adults, Decision Making, Task Analysis
Wilson, Vanessa B.; Mitchell, Suzanne H.; Musser, Erica D.; Schmitt, Colleen F.; Nigg, Joel T. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2011
Background: A key underlying process that may contribute to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves alterations in reward evaluation, including assessing the relative value of immediate over delayed rewards. This study examines whether children with ADHD discount the value of delayed rewards to a greater degree than typically…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Intelligence Quotient, Rewards, Children
Hankin, Benjamin L.; Wetter, Emily K.; Flory, Kate – Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2012
Depression has been characterized as involving altered appetitive motivation and emotional reactivity. Yet no study has examined objective indices of emotional reactivity when the appetitive/approach system is suppressed in response to failure to attain a self-relevant goal and desired reward. Three groups of youth (N = 98, ages 9-15; remitted…
Descriptors: Motivation, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Depression (Psychology), Control Groups
Laasonen, Marja; Salomaa, Jonna; Cousineau, Denis; Leppamaki, Sami; Tani, Pekka; Hokkanen, Laura; Dye, Matthew – Brain and Cognition, 2012
In this study of the project DyAdd, three aspects of visual attention were investigated in adults (18-55 years) with dyslexia (n = 35) or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, n = 22), and in healthy controls (n = 35). Temporal characteristics of visual attention were assessed with Attentional Blink (AB), capacity of visual attention…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Dyslexia, Attention, Reading Ability
Whitney, Jane; Joormann, Jutta; Gotlib, Ian H.; Kelley, Ryan G.; Acquaye, Tenah; Howe, Meghan; Chang, Kiki D.; Singh, Manpreet K. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2012
Background: Cognitive models of bipolar I disorder (BD) may aid in identification of children who are especially vulnerable to chronic mood dysregulation. Information-processing biases related to memory and attention likely play a role in the development and persistence of BD among adolescents; however, these biases have not been extensively…
Descriptors: Form Classes (Languages), Adolescents, Memory, Depression (Psychology)
Spinelli, Simona; Vasa, Roma A.; Joel, Suresh; Nelson, Tess E.; Pekar, James J.; Mostofsky, Stewart H. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2011
Background: Error processing is reflected, behaviorally, by slower reaction times (RT) on trials immediately following an error (post-error). Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) fail to show RT slowing and demonstrate increased intra-subject variability (ISV) on post-error trials. The neural correlates of these behavioral…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Inhibition, Correlation, Error Correction
Karalunas, Sarah L.; Huang-Pollock, Cynthia L. – Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2011
Although motivation and cognition are often examined separately, recent theory suggests that a delay-averse motivational style may negatively impact development of executive functions (EFs), such as working memory (WM) and response inhibition (RI) for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; Sonuga-Barke, 2002). This model…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Short Term Memory, Theories, Inhibition
Demurie, Ellen; Roeyers, Herbert; Baeyens, Dieter; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2011
Background: Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display abnormalities in reward processing. Most reward studies have focused on the effects of material or monetary rewards. Studies with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have focused on social rewards. In this study we compared the effects of amount and type of reward in…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Reaction Time, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Shipstead, Zach; Redick, Thomas S.; Engle, Randall W. – Psychological Bulletin, 2012
Working memory (WM) is a cognitive system that strongly relates to a person's ability to reason with novel information and direct attention to goal-relevant information. Due to the central role that WM plays in general cognition, it has become the focus of a rapidly growing training literature that seeks to affect broad cognitive change through…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Intelligence, Transfer of Training, Short Term Memory
Friedman-Hill, Stacia R.; Wagman, Meryl R.; Gex, Saskia E.; Pine, Daniel S.; Leibenluft, Ellen; Ungerleider, Leslie G. – Cognition, 2010
In this study, we attempted to clarify whether distractibility in ADHD might arise from increased sensory-driven interference or from inefficient top-down control. We employed an attentional filtering paradigm in which discrimination difficulty and distractor salience (amount of image "graying") were parametrically manipulated. Increased…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Cognitive Processes, Children, Error Patterns
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