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Block, Elisa; Farran, Emily K.; Van Herwegen, Jo – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2022
The block design task (BDT) is a visuospatial measure that individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) perform poorly on. However, it is unclear what underlies their impaired performance. This study investigated whether poorer performance is a result of visuospatial difficulties, executive function (EF) difficulties, atypical looking strategies, or a…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Visual Perception, Spatial Ability, Executive Function
Andrés, María Laura; Canet-Juric, Lorena; García-Coni, Ana; Olsen, Cintia Daniela; Vernucci, Santiago; Galli, Juan Ignacio; Introzzi, Isabel; Richaud, María Cristina – Mind, Brain, and Education, 2022
The aim of this study was to analyze the moderating effect of distress tolerance (DT) on the relationship between executive functions and academic performance (AP). Participants were 270 children aged 9-12 years. Executive functions (EFs)--working memory (WM), inhibition, and cognitive flexibility--and DT were evaluated using computerized tasks.…
Descriptors: Metacognition, Executive Function, Correlation, Short Term Memory
Davies, Catherine; Kreysa, Helene – Journal of Child Language, 2018
Children's ability to refer is underpinned by their developing cognitive skills. Using a production task (n = 57), we examined pre-articulatory visual fixations to contrast objects (e.g., to a large apple when the target was a small one) to investigate how visual scanning drives informativeness across development. Eye-movements reveal that…
Descriptors: Child Language, Language Acquisition, Child Development, Age Differences
Jessica E. Bartley; Michael C. Riedel; Taylor Salo; Emily R. Boeving; Katherine L. Bottenhorn; Elsa I. Bravo; Rosalie Odean; Alina Nazareth; Robert W. Laird; Matthew T. Sutherland; Shannon M. Pruden; Eric Brewe; Angela R. Laird – npj Science of Learning, 2019
Understanding how students learn is crucial for helping them succeed. We examined brain function in 107 undergraduate students during a task known to be challenging for many students--physics problem solving--to characterize the underlying neural mechanisms and determine how these support comprehension and proficiency. Further, we applied module…
Descriptors: Brain, Cognitive Processes, Science Process Skills, Abstract Reasoning
Marcovitch, Stuart; Clearfield, Melissa W.; Swingler, Margaret; Calkins, Susan D.; Bell, Martha Ann – Infant and Child Development, 2016
In the first year of life, the ability to search for hidden objects is an indicator of object permanence and, when multiple locations are involved, executive function (i.e. inhibition, cognitive flexibility and working memory). The current study was designed to examine attentional predictors of search in 5-month-old infants (as measured by the…
Descriptors: Infants, Attention Control, Puppetry, Performance
Yuviler-Gavish, Nirit; Krisher, Hagit – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2016
Computerized training systems offer a promising new direction in the training of executive functions, in part because they can easily be designed to offer feedback to learners. Yet, feedback is a double-edged sword, serving a positive motivational role while at the same time carrying the risk that learners may become dependent on the feedback they…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Instruction, Training, Executive Function, Feedback (Response)
McVeigh, Claire; Wylie, Judith; Mulhern, Gerry – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2019
Working memory (WM) is a recognised component of executive function and has undergone scrutiny in terms of bilingual and monolingual performance comparisons. Research to date, however, has not consistently replicated the presence of bilingual advantage. The present study examined short-term (STM) and WM in immersion-educated children and a matched…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Verbal Ability, Bilingualism, Task Analysis
Fischbach, Anne; Könen, Tanja; Rietz, Chantal S.; Hasselhorn, Marcus – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2014
The goals of this study were to explore the deficits in working memory associated with literacy disorders (i.e. developmental disorders of reading and/or spelling) and the developmental trajectories of these working memory deficits. The performance of 28 children with literacy disorders was compared to a non-disabled control group with the same…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Longitudinal Studies, Executive Function, Literacy
Morales, Julia; Calvo, Alejandra; Bialystok, Ellen – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2013
Two studies are reported comparing the performance of monolingual and bilingual children on tasks requiring different levels of working memory. In the first study, 56 5-year-olds performed a Simon-type task that manipulated working memory demands by comparing conditions based on two rules and four rules and manipulated conflict resolution demands…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Bilingualism, Monolingualism, Cognitive Development
Oerlemans, Anoek M.; Hartman, Catharina A.; Bruijn, Yvette G. E.; Franke, Barbara; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Rommelse, Nanda N. J. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2015
Background: We may improve our understanding of the role of common versus unique risk factors in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by examining ADHD-related cognitive deficits in single- (SPX), and multi-incidence (MPX) families. Given that individuals from multiplex (MPX) families are likely to share genetic vulnerability for the…
Descriptors: Incidence, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Role, Neurological Impairments
Hocking, Darren R.; Thomas, Daniel; Menant, Jasmine C.; Porter, Melanie A.; Smith, Stuart; Lord, Stephen R.; Cornish, Kim M. – Developmental Science, 2013
Previous studies suggest that individuals with Williams syndrome (WS), a rare genetically based neurodevelopmental disorder, show specific weaknesses in visual attention and response inhibition within the visuospatial domain. Here we examine the extent to which impairments in attentional control extend to the visuomotor domain using a…
Descriptors: Mental Retardation, Genetic Disorders, Inhibition, Control Groups
Miranda, Ana; Presentacion, M. Jesus; Siegenthaler, Rebeca; Jara, Pilar – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2013
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of an intensive psychosocial intervention on the executive functioning (EF) in children with ADHD. The treatment was carried out in a coordinated manner over a period of 10 weeks with 27 children with ADHD aged 7 to 10, their parents, and their teachers. A battery of neuropsychological tasks was…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Intervention, Outcomes of Treatment